Graphic depiction of a luminaire arrangement in the ceiling.
The arrangement of luminaires in relation to each other and their distance from walls is part of good lighting design. In the concept and design phase of a project, rules of thumb help to determine the number and arrangement of downlights, spotlights and wallwashers even without a lighting calculation.
Arranging luminaires should not be seen as an exclusively technical or functional process. In quantitatively oriented lighting design, the preference for a completely uniform grid of ceiling luminaires has been derived from the demand for lighting that is as uniform as possible. However, there is no direct connection between luminaire arrangements and lighting effect. With full utilization of the available luminaires and distributions, a planned lighting effect can be achieved with several different luminaire arrangements. This flexibility can and should be used to develop ceiling appearances that combine functional lighting with a design that matches the architecture.
In our whitepaper Tips on luminaire arrangement, we have summarized not only the ideal luminaire arrangement for downlights, spotlights and wallwashers but also rules of thumb for many other common luminaire categories such as pendant luminaires, bollards and projectors.
Graphic luminaire arrangement of downlights in the ceiling in section and in the ceiling plan.
For uniform general lighting with high visual comfort, the luminaire spacing (d) between two downlights may be up to 1.5 times the height (h) of the luminaire above the working plane (rough guide). Half the luminaire spacing (d) is recommended for the distance to the wall (a).
In the corner of the room: downlights in the ceiling plan and in the room.
With a given luminaire spacing, downlights are usually mounted with half the luminaire spacing to the wall. Corner luminaires should be mounted on the 45° line in order to create identical light beam sections on both illuminated wall surfaces with downlights.
Graphic luminaire arrangement for accentuating art objects in section.
For illuminating paintings and sculptures, the optimum angle of incidence (α) is 30°. Otherwise, with a greater distance to the object, the problem occurs that the viewer creates a shadow on the object when standing in front of it. A very steep angle of incidence would also cause strong grazing light with long shadows on the exhibit. The 30° angle of light incidence therefore optimally models the object without distorting the effect by casting too much shadow.
Arrangement: α = 30°
Graphic luminaire arrangement for wallwashing in section and in the ceiling plan.
For uniform vertical lighting, the distance to the wall (a) of wallwashers should be around one third of the room height (h).
Arrangement: a = 1/3 x h
For good longitudinal uniformity, the luminaire spacing (d) of wallwashers may be up to 1.3 times the distance to the wall (a).
Arrangement: d ≤ 1.3 x a
For uniform illumination of very high walls or to create grazing light close to the wall, special luminaires are available with their own rules of thumb for luminaire arrangement. Our whitepaper "Arranging luminaires" summarizes these for you.
